1. DergiPark
  2. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi
  3. Arşiv
  4. Sayı 29
Yıl 2017, Cilt , Sayı 29, Sayfalar 1 - 17 2017-10-30

Did Francis Bacon See Democritus as a Mechanical Philosopher?

Ünsal ÇİMEN [1]

179 116

Öz

Robert Kargon interpreted the pneumatism of the later works of Francis Bacon as vitalism; however, for him, the atomism of the early Bacon was mechanistic. Similarly, Graham Rees argued that pneumatism and atoms are incompatible; so, without making any distinction between the early and later Bacon, he thought that Bacon was never an atomist. Both Kargon’s and Rees’ claims rest on the false idea that atomism necessitates a mechanistic view of the world. In this paper, contrary to the generally accepted identification of mechanical philosophy with atomism, it will be argued that Francis Bacon saw Democritus, an atomist, as a vitalist philosopher.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Francis Bacon, Democritus, Vitalism, Mechanical Philosophy

Kaynakça

  • ARISTOTELES (2013). Gökyüzü Üzerine, çev. Saffet Babür, Ankara: BilgeSu.
  • BACON, Francis (1858a). Cogitationes de natura rerum, The works of Francis Bacon (Vol. V), eds. J. Spedding, et al, London: Longman and Co.
  • BACON, Francis (1858b). De sapientia veterum, The works of Francis Bacon (Vol. VI), eds. J. Spedding, et al, London: Longman and Co.
  • BACON, Francis (1874). Meditationes Sacrae, The works of Francis Bacon (Vol. VII), eds. J. Spedding, et al, London: Longmans.
  • BACON, Francis (1996). On principles and origins according to the fables of Cupid and Coelum, The Oxford Francis Bacon (Vol. VI), ed. G. Rees, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • BACON, Francis (2004). Novum organum, The Oxford Francis Bacon (Vol. XI), ed. G. Rees, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • BACON, Francis (2007). Historia vitae et mortis, The Oxford Francis Bacon (Vol. XII), ed. G. Rees, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • BANCHETTI–ROBINO, M. P. (2011). “Ontological tensions in sixteenth and seventeenth century chemistry: between mechanism and vitalism”, Foundations of Chemistry, 13(3): 173–186.
  • BERRYMAN, Sylvia (2013). The Mechanical Hypothesis in Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy, New York: Cambridge University Press. (First Published 2009).
  • BERRYMAN, Sylvia (2016). “Democritus and the explanatory power of the void”, Presocratic Philosophy: Essays in Honour of Alexander Mourelatos, eds. V. Caston and D. W. Graham, pp. 183–194, New York: Routledge. (First Published 2002).
  • CAPELLE, Wilhelm (1995). Sokrates’ten Önce Felsefe (c. 2), çev. Oğuz Özügül, İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • CARRE, M. H. (1958). “Pierre Gassendi and the New Philosophy”, Philosophy, 33(125): 112– 120.
  • CHALMERS, Alan (1997). “Did Democritus ascribe weight to atoms?”, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 75(3): 279–287.
  • CHERNISS, H. F. (1935). Aristotle’s criticism of Presocratic philosophy, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
  • CLERICUZIO, Antonio (2000). “Elements, principles and corpuscles: a study of atomism and chemistry in the seventeenth century”, International Archives of the History of Ideas (vol. 171), Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • ÇİMEN, Ünsal (2017). The role of mathematics in Francis Bacon’s natural philosophy, (Unpublished PhD thesis), University of Otago.
  • DEBUS, A. G. (1968). “Mathematics and nature in the chemical texts of the Renaissance”, Ambix, 15(1): 1–28.
  • DEBUS, A. G. (1973). “Motion in the chemical texts of the Renaissance”, Isis, 64(1): 4–17.
  • DEBUS, A. G. (2002). The chemical philosophy: Paracelsian science and medicine in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, New York: Dover Publications. (First published in 1977).
  • DICTIONARY.COM. (2017). “Pneumatic”, Accessed: 23. 08. 2017, (http://www.dictionary.com/browse/pneumatic?s=ts).
  • FISHER, Saul (2005). Pierre Gassendi’s philosophy and science: atomism for empiricists, (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History, vol. 131), Leiden: Brill.
  • FURLEY, David (1989). Cosmic problems: essays on Greek and Roman philosophy of nature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • GAUKROGER, Stephen (2001). Francis Bacon and the transformation of early–modern philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • GIGLIONI, Guido (2010). “Mastering the appetites of matter: Francis Bacon’s Sylva Sylvarum”, The body as object and instrument of knowledge: embodied empiricism in early modern science. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 25, eds. C. T. Wolfe & O. Gal, pp. 149–168, London: Springer.
  • GIGLIONI, Guido (2012). “How Bacon became Baconian”, The mechanization of natural philosophy. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 300, eds. D. Garber & S. Roux, pp. 27–54, London: Springer.
  • GIGLIONI, Guido (2013). “Francis Bacon”, The Oxford handbook of British philosophy in the seventeenth century, ed. P. R. Anstey, pp. 41–72, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • GIGLIONI, Guido (2016a). “Lists of motions: Francis Bacon on material disquietude”, Francis Bacon on motion and power. International Archives of the History of Ideas 218, eds. G. Giglioni, J. A. T. Lancaster, S. Corneanu, D. Jalobeanu, pp. 61–82, Switzerland: Springer.
  • GIGLIONI, Guido (2016b). “Cupido, sive atomus; Dionysus, sive Cupiditas: Francis Bacon on desire”, Francis Bacon on motion and power. International Archives of the History of Ideas 218, eds. G. Giglioni, J. A. T. Lancaster, S. Corneanu, D. Jalobeanu, pp. 153–173, Switzerland: Springer.
  • GIGLIONI, Guido (2016c). “Introduction: Francis Bacon and the theologico–political reconfiguration of desire in the early modern period”, Francis Bacon on motion and power. International Archives of the History of Ideas 218, eds. G. Giglioni, J. A. T. Lancaster, S. Corneanu, D. Jalobeanu, pp. 1–39, Switzerland: Springer.
  • GOLDENBAUM, Ursula (2016). “The geometrical method as a new standard of truth, based on the mathematization of nature”, The language of nature: reassessing the mathematization of natural philosophy in the seventeenth century. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science 20, eds. G. Gorham, B. Hill, E. Slowik, C. K. Waters, pp. 274–307, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • HENRY, John (2002). The scientific revolution and the origins of modern science, New York: Palgrave.
  • HENRY, John (2003). Knowledge is power: how magic, the government and an apocalyptic vision inspired Francis Bacon to create modern science, Cambridge: Icon Books.
  • HORTON, Mary (1973). “In defence of Bacon: a criticism of the critics of the inductive method”, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 4: 241–278.
  • HUSSERL, Edmund (1970). The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology: an introduction to phenomenological philosophy, Illinois: North western University Press.
  • KAISER, C. B. (1997). “Creational theology and the history of physical science: the creationist tradition from Basil to Bohr”, Studies in the History of Christian Thought (vol. 78), Leiden: Brill.
  • KARGON, R. H. (1966). Atomism in England from Hariot to Newton, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • KLEIN, Jürgen (2008). “Francis Bacon’s scientia operativa, the tradition of the workshops, and the secrets of nature”, Philosophies of technology: Francis Bacon and his contemporaries, vol. 2, Intersections: Yearbook for Early Modern Studies 11, eds. C. Zittel, et al, pp. 21–49, Leiden: Brill.
  • MANZO, Silvia (2001). “Francis Bacon and atomism: a reappraisal”, Late medieval and early modern corpuscular matter theories. History of science and Medicine Library: Medieval and Early Modern Science, vol. 1, eds. C. Lüthy, et al, pp. 209–244, Leiden: Brill.
  • MANZO, Silvia (2003). “The arguments on void in the seventeenth century: the case of Francis Bacon”, British Journal for the History of Science, 36(1): 43–61.
  • MCDIARMID, J. B. (1960). “Theophrastus ‘De Sensibus’ 61–62: Democritus’ theory of weight”, Classical Philology, 55(1): 28–30.
  • MORI, Giuliano (2016). “Mathematical subtleties and scientific knowledge: Francis Bacon and mathematics, at the crossing of two traditions”, British Society for the History of Science, 1–21.
  • MOURELATOS, A. P. D. (2005). “Intrinsic and Relational Properties of Atoms in the Democritean Ontology”, Metaphysics, Soul, and Ethics: Themes from the work of Richard Sorabji, ed. Ricardo Salles, pp. 39–64, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • O’BRIEN, Denis (1977). “Heavy and light in Democritus and Aristotle: two conceptions of change and identity”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 97: 64–74.
  • O’BRIEN, Denis (1981). “Democritus, weight and size: an exercise in the reconstruction of early Greek philosophy”, Theories of weight in the ancient world: four essays on Democritus, Plato and Aristotle: a study in the development of ideas (vol. 1). Philosophia antiqua 37, Paris: Les Belles Lettres; Leiden: Brill.
  • REES, Graham (1975). “Francis Bacon’s semi–Paracelsian cosmology”, Ambix, 22: 81–101.
  • REES, Graham (1980). “Atomism and ‘subtlety’ in Francis Bacon’s philosophy”, Annals of Science, 37(5): 549–571.
  • REES, Graham (1996). “Bacon’s speculative philosophy”, The Cambridge Companion to Bacon, ed. M. Peltonen, pp. 121–145, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • ROSSI, Paolo (2001). The birth of modern science, trans. C. De Nardi Ipsen & C. Ibsen, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • RUSU, D. C. (2012). “Francis Bacon: constructing natural histories of the invisible”, Early Science and Medicine, 17(1–2): 112–33.
  • RUSU, D. C. (2013). From natural history to natural magic: Francis Bacon’s Sylva sylvarum, (Unpublished PhD thesis), University of Bucharest.
  • SEDLEY, David (1982). “Two Conceptions of Vacuum”, Phronesis, 27(2): 175–193.
  • SIMPLICIUS (2014). Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 3.1–7 (Ancient Commentators on Aristotle), trans. I. Mueller, London: Bloomsbury Academic. (First Published 2009).
  • SMEENK, Christopher (2016). “Philosophical geometers and geometrical philosophers”, The language of nature: Reassessing the mathematization of natural philosophy in the seventeenth century. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science 20, eds. G. Gorham, B. Hill, E. Slowik, C. K. Waters, pp. 308–338, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • WEEKS, Sophia (2007). “Francis Bacon and the art–nature distinction”, Ambix, 54(2): 101–129.
  • WEEKS, Sophia (2008). “The role of mechanics in Francis Bacon’s great instauration”, Philosophies of technology: Francis Bacon and his contemporaries (vol. 2). Intersections: Yearbook for Early Modern Studies 11, eds. C. Zittel, et al., pp. 133–195, Leiden: Brill.
  • WHITAKER, V. K. (1970). “Bacon’s doctrine of forms: a study of seventeenth–century eclecticism”, Huntington Library Quarterly, 33(3): 209–216.
  • BIENER, Zvi (2008). “The unity of science in early-modern philosophy: subalternation, metaphysics and the geometrical manner in Scholasticism, Galileo and Descartes”, (Unpublished PhD thesis), University of Pittsburgh.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler
Dergi Bölümü Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Orcid: 0000-0003-0575-6053
Yazar: Ünsal ÇİMEN
E-posta: cimen.trky@gmail.com
Ülke: Turkey

Kaynak Göster

Bibtex @araştırma makalesi { kaygi342162, journal = {Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi}, issn = {1303-4251}, address = {Uludağ Üniversitesi}, year = {2017}, volume = {}, pages = {1 - 17}, doi = {10.20981/kaygi.342162}, title = {Did Francis Bacon See Democritus as a Mechanical Philosopher?}, key = {cite}, author = {ÇİMEN, Ünsal} }
APA ÇİMEN, Ü . (2017). Did Francis Bacon See Democritus as a Mechanical Philosopher?. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, (29), 1-17. DOI: 10.20981/kaygi.342162
MLA ÇİMEN, Ü . "Did Francis Bacon See Democritus as a Mechanical Philosopher?". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi (2017): 1-17 <http://dergipark.gov.tr/kaygi/issue/31310/342162>
Chicago ÇİMEN, Ü . "Did Francis Bacon See Democritus as a Mechanical Philosopher?". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi (2017): 1-17
RIS TY - JOUR T1 - Did Francis Bacon See Democritus as a Mechanical Philosopher? AU - Ünsal ÇİMEN Y1 - 2017 PY - 2017 N1 - doi: 10.20981/kaygi.342162 DO - 10.20981/kaygi.342162 T2 - Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 1 EP - 17 VL - IS - 29 SN - 1303-4251- M3 - doi: 10.20981/kaygi.342162 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.342162 Y2 - 2017 ER -
EndNote %0 Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi Did Francis Bacon See Democritus as a Mechanical Philosopher? %A Ünsal ÇİMEN %T Did Francis Bacon See Democritus as a Mechanical Philosopher? %D 2017 %J Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi %P 1303-4251- %V %N 29 %R doi: 10.20981/kaygi.342162 %U 10.20981/kaygi.342162
Makale Gönder
Arşiv
Editör Kurulu
İletişim
Duyurular
TR Dizin
TR Dizin
Index Copernicus
Index Copernicus
Index Islamicus
Index Islamicus
Sobiad
Sobiad
Google Scholar
Google Scholar
MLA International Bibliography
MLA International Bibliography
The Philosopher’s Index
The Philosopher’s Index

ISSN: 1303-4251